Applied knowledge in the Renaissance had to take the form of translation of the auditory into visual terms, of the plastic into retinal form. Typography tended to alter language from a means of perception and exploration to a portable commodity. Typography is not only a technology but is in itself a natural resource or staple, like cotton or timber or radio; and, like any staple, it shapes not only private sense ratios but also patterns of communal interdependence. The passion for exact measurement began to dominate the Renaissance. The print-made split between head and heart is the trauma